Michael Bakunin inicia Deus e o Estado, com a seguinte pergunta: “Quem está certo, os idealistas ou os materialistas?”. Porém, ele não está realmente colocando esta dicotomia em questão, ao contrário, ele continua o texto dizendo que não é preciso pensar duas vezes, obviamente os materialistas estão certos, e ponto final. Tal convicção era comum entre os pensadores do século XIX. Ao dizer isso Bakunin estava concordando com todos os outros grandes pensadores da época, de Proudhon a Karl Marx. Ser materialista no século XIX era quase uma questão de princípios.
Bakunin afirma no mesmo parágrafo que “toda história da humanidade, intelectual e moral, política e social, é nada mais que o reflexo da sua história econômica.” H
]]>Dádiva versus barganha
Acostumamos-nos a ver todas as nossas relações como trocas, sejam elas igualitárias ou não, mas nos esquecemos que as relações também podem ser vistas como simples oferendas onde nada específico está sendo pedido em troca. É o dar sem esperar receber.
Nossa relação original com a natureza não era uma troca, embora ela aconteça, era dádiva. A natureza oferece a vida, pura e simplesmente, como dádiva ou dom. A dádiva é gratuita, não gera dívida, não exige retorno, é como o carinho que pais oferecem aos seus filhos. Você não barganha com você mesmo, o que você faz para si mesmo é d
]]>...or here's a great thing too, that it's often said that the ability to recognize patterns is one of the signs of intelligence. So I'm going to list a pattern here and let's see if we can recognize it in less than 5 or 6 thousand years. When you think of the plains and hillsides of Iraq is the first thing that you think of Cedar forests so thick that sunlight never touches the ground? That's how they were. The first written myth of this culture is Gilgamesh going in and deforesting those hills to make cities. When you think of the Arabian peninsula is the first thing that you think of Oak forests? That's what it used to be. Let's move a little bit West and you get the Cedars of Lebanon, and they still have one on their flag. I never can remember if it was Plato or Aristotle, I think it might have been Plato who was commenting on how deforestation was destroying the springs and rivers in Greece. And I'm sure those in power said "Well, we need to study it a bit longer first, to make s
]]>...or here's a great thing too, that it's often said that the ability to recognize patterns is one of the signs of intelligence. So I'm going to list a pattern here and let's see if we can recognize it in less than 5 or 6 thousand years. When you think of the plains and hillsides of Iraq is the first thing that you think of Cedar forests so thick that sunlight never touches the ground? That's how they were. The first written myth of this culture is Gilgamesh going in and deforesting those hills to make cities. When you think of the Arabian peninsula is the first thing that you think of Oak forests? That's what it used to be. Let's move a little bit West and you get the Cedars of Lebanon, and they still have one on their flag. I never can remember if it was Plato or Aristotle, I think it might have been Plato who was commenting on how deforestation was destroying the springs and rivers in Greece. And I'm sure those in power said "Well, we need to study it a bit longer first, to make s
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...or here's a great thing too, that it's often said that the ability to recognize patterns is one of the signs of intelligence. So I'm going to list a pattern here and let's see if we can recognize it in less than 5 or 6 thousand years. When you think of the plains and hillsides of Iraq is the first thing that you think of Cedar forests so thick that sunlight never touches the ground? That's how they were. The first written myth of this culture is Gilgamesh going in and deforesting those hills to make cities. When you think of the Arabian peninsula is the first thing that you think of Oak forests? That's what it used to be. Let's move a little bit West and you get the Cedars of Lebanon, and they still have one on their flag. I never can remember if it was Plato or Aristotle, I think it might have been Plato who was commenting on how deforestation was destroying the springs and rivers in Greece. And I'm sure those in power said "Well, we need to
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